Watermarking Techniques for Relational Databases: Survey, Classification and Comparison

Digital watermarking for relational databases emerged as a candidate solution to provide copyright protection, tamper detection, traitor tracing, maintaining integrity of relational data. Many watermarking techniques have been proposed in the literature to address these purposes. In this paper, we survey the current state-of-the-art and we classify them according to their intent, the way they express the watermark, the cover type, the granularity level, and their verifiability