The interaction between an ultrashort laser pulse et dielectric materials is a constantly evolving field motivated by the birth of various applications (laser micro-machining, cornea surgery, ...) as well as its fundamental aspects (high-order harmonic generation, electronics at optical-cycle regime, ...). However, the underlying mechanisms of this interaction are still to be understood, especially from a quantitative point of view. Indeed, most phenomena occur during the pulse propagation through the material (i.e. in a few tens of femtoseconds). Moreover, the involved intensities are very high: a few tens of TW/cm^2. These two aspects make it difficult to study this interaction. To push the understanding forward, it is necessary to design...