Rédigé le 8 mai 2009Accepté pour soutenance le 15 juillet 2009This thesis focuses on the glaciation of the Late Saalian period (160 -140 ka) over Eurasia. The Quaternary Environment of the Eurasian North project evidenced that during this period, the Eurasian ice sheet was substantially larger than during the entire Weichselian cycle and especially than during the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka, LGM). The Late Saalian astronomical forcing were different than during the LGM while greenhouse gas concentrations were similar. To understand how this ice sheet could have grown so large over Eurasia during the Late Saalian, we use an Atmospherical General Circulation Model (AGCM), an AGCM coupled to an oceanic mixed layer and a vegetation model to ex...