電気機械産業の構造変化と地域経済 : 1990～2003年における3産業別・地域別動向 <論説>

電気機械産業(電気機械器具、情報通信機械器具、電子部品・電子デバイス)について、1990～2003年の都道府県別データをもとに、主として労働生産性の変化、その規定因、地域経済への影響を検討した。その結果、①地理的な分散が進行していること、②情報通信機械器具のウエイトが低下し、代わりに電子部品・電子デバイスのウエイトが拡大したこと、③付加価値額の規模が大きい都府県では付加価値額が伸び悩むとともに、主として機器・設備の稼働率低下に伴って労働生産性(従業者あたり付加価値額)が伸び悩んだこと、④付加価値額の規模が小さい道県では付加価値額の伸びが大きく、有形固定資産残高の増加とも相まって労働生産性が上昇したこと、⑤労働生産性の変化に賃金水準(従業者あたり現金給与総額)の変化が対応していないこと、⑥「工業統計」による電気機械産業の付加価値額の増加が「県民経済計算」による電気機械の生産額の増加に帰着するためには一定の集積を必要とするとみられること──などが観察された。The industrial classification of the Manufactures Census has been revised in 2002. Manufacture of electrical machinery, equipment and supplies has divided into three industries; 1) Manufacture of electrical machinery, equipment and supplies, 2) Manufacture of information and communication electronics equipment, 3) Manufacture of electronic parts and devices. Electronic Industries as a general term refer to these three industries in this paper. Through the analysis on electronic industries between 1990 and 2003, we could find out such points as follows; 1) Geographically dispersion of electronic industries has gone further, 2) While information and communication electronics equipment are getting weak, electronic parts and devices are growing up, 3) In the bigger prefectures by gross value added of electronic industries, both of gross value added and labor productivity have not so much increased than those of lesser, 4) Both of gross value added and labor productivity of lesser prefectures by gross value added have increased owing to rising of fixed capital investment, 5) The growth rate of cash wages and salaries for employees has not coincided with that of labor productivity, 6) Increase of gross value added in the Manufactures Census can lead to increase of gross domestic product of National Accounts in some region where there is a certain agglomeration of electronic industries