Factors limiting the development of aquaculture : a Japanese experience

An understanding of those factors which have limited the development of Japanese aquaculture may have some applications to the problems of aquaculture in developing countries. The history of aquaculture in Japan is reviewed from chronological, geographical, species and institutional points of view. Conclusions reached in this study reveal that throughout the history of Japan aquaculture development has been limited by variables which can be identified. The most important factor is the existence of leadership which coordinates supply and demand, environmental suitability, technical capability, legality, experience, infrastructure and social welfare incentives with economic feasibility. The development of aquaculture depends on simultaneous development of all these factors, not on the preponderance of any one of them. Within the framework of this generalization, issues pertaining to aquaculture development in developing countries could be handled by adaptation to local conditions.Prepared with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust and by the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-8-MOl-l49, and the Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program