Add to ORKGThis review examines the effects of low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets (LCHO) ( < 150g carbohydrate/day) on glycaemia and cardiovascular risk, appetite and satiety, liver and kidney function, energy expenditure, and bone metabolism. It also investigates the possible adverse effects of the same diets in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). At this stage, there is evidence to suggest that the use of lower carbohydrate diets improves glycaemia, cardiovascular risk and liver function in patients with T2DM. The results also suggest that patients' choices are in fact broader than previously believes, since LCHOs provide an alternative to standard dietary interventions. However, there is still a lack of evidence for the use of these approaches in th...