The structures, processes and related outcomes of clinical pharmacy practice as part of the multidisciplinary care of patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review.

The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise, synthesize and present the available evidence for the structures, processes and related outcomes of clinical pharmacy practice in caring from patients with chronic kidney disease. The key review questions to be asked were 1) What clinical pharmacy practice related resources (structures, e.g. the multidisciplinary team, clinical pharmacy skill mix and time allocation) are in place and how are these matched to healthcare needs and demands to enable provide care to CKD patients? 2) What activities are performed (processes, e.g. medication review, prescribing) to care for patients with CKD, how and when are they performed? 3) What are the outcomes of the structure and the processes on the effectiveness (Economic, Clinical, and Humanistic Outcomes (ECHO) model) and efficiency of care provided