Microbiom analysis and application in forensics and medicine

Istraživanja mikrobioma sve više se koriste u forenzičnim istragama, ali i u medicini. Najčešće korištene metode za istraživanja mikrobioma su analiza 16S rRNA, te sekvenciranje cijelog genoma. Svoju primjenu u forenzičnim istragama, analiza mikrobioma bi mogla imati kod utvrđivanja identiteta osobe, utvrđivanja identiteta pomoću mikrobioma okoliša, utvrđivanja lokacije, kao i uzroka smrti te kod procjene post mortem intervala. U medicini se otvaraju nove mogućnosti u liječenju mnogih bolesti koristeći transplataciju korisnih mikrobioma kod oboljelih osoba te „preciznu medicinu“ što bi dovelo do razumijevanja osnovnog mehanizma u patologiji tih bolesti. Najviše istraženi mikrobiote su mikrobiote probavnog sustava, mikrobiote kože te usne šupljine. Analiza mikrobioma svakim danom se sve više razvija te bi u budućnosti trebala biti dio rješavanja forenzičnih slučajeva, ali i biti od velike koristi u otkrivanju i liječenju bolesti.Microbiome research is more often used in forensic investigations, but also in medicine. The most frequent used methods for microbiome research are 16S rRNA analysis and whole genome sequencing. Microbiome research can be used in the forensic investigations when it comes to identifying individual, identifying identity using environmental microbiome, detecting location, as well as the cause of the death and in post mortem interval estimation. New possibilities in treating many diseases by using transplantation of useful microbiomes in the patients with illness or by using „precise medicine“ are being developed in the medicine, which can lead to the understanding of the basic mechanism in the pathology of those diseases. The most studied microbiota are gastrointestinal microbiota, skin microbiota and oral microbiota. Microbiome research is being constantly developed and it should be used in solving future forensic cases, but it can also be useful in discovering and treating illnesses