Representation of the company with limited liability

Trgovačko društvo svoju aktivnost obavlja putem ovlaštenih fizičkih osoba koje poduzimaju pravne radnje u njegovo ime i za njegov račun, pri čemu se pravne radnje ovlaštenih fizičkih osoba smatraju radnjama samoga društva. Ovlasti za zastupanje se temelje na zakonu, na aktu ovlaštenog organa ili na punomoći. U radu se analizira zastupanje društva s ograničenom odgovornošću s obzirom na navedene vrste ovlasti te funkcioniranje zakonske regulative u praksi. Društva s ograničenom odgovornošću zastupa uprava društva koja se sastoji od jedne ili više osoba koje poduzimaju pravne radnje zastupanja u poslovima društva. Zastupnik trgovačkog društva također može dati punomoć drugoj osobi u granicama ovlasti upisanih u sudski registar. Vrste punomoći uređene zakonom su prokura, trgovačka punomoć, punomoć trgovačkom putniku i punomoć po zaposlenju. Akt ovlaštenog tijela može biti temelj zastupanja ukoliko je donošenje takvog akta predviđeno zakonom, kao što je slučaj u stečajnom postupku kada, od dana otvaranja, stečajnog dužnika zastupa stečajni upravitelj. Teorijski pregled potkrijepljen je analizom slučajeva iz prakse koji se bave problematikom zastupanja društava s ograničenom odgovornošću. Slučajevi su bazirani na privremenoj mjeri zabrane članu uprave da vodi poslove i zastupa društvo, ovlastima privremenog upravitelja, sklapanju ugovora sa samim sobom, dužnoj pozornosti i odgovornosti članova uprave te učinku upisa u knjigu poslovnih udjela.A trading company performs its activity through the authorized natural persons who undertake legal actions in its name and for its behalf, whereby the legal actions of the authorized natural persons are considered to be the activities of the company itself. The authorizations for the representation are based on law, the document of the authorized body or on a power of attorney. This paper work analyses the representation of the company with limited liability due to the listed authorization types and the functioning of the legislation in practice. The companies with limited liability are represented by the management of the company consisting of one or more persons who undertake legal actions of representation in the company business. The representative of the trading company can also give the power of attorney to the other person within the limits of the representative’s authorization registered in the court register. The types of the powers of attorney regulated by law are procuration, the trading power of attorney, the power of attorney to the travelling salesmen and the power of attorney after employment. The document of the authorized body may be the base for the representation if the passing of such a document has been foreseen by law, such as the case in bankruptcy procedure when, from the date of the opening of the procedure, the bankruptcy debtor is represented by the bankruptcy estate manager. The theoretical overview has been supported by the analysis of cases in practice dealing with the issues of the representation of the companies with limited liability. The cases have been based on the temporary measure of prohibiting the management member to manage the business and to represent the company, the authorizations of the temporary manager, concluding the contacts with him/herself, due diligence, the responsibility of the members of the management and the effect of the registration in the book of business shares