Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Heksana, Etil Asetat, dan Metanol Buah Leunca (Solanum Nigrum L.) Hasil Maserasi Bertingkat terhadap Sel MCF-7

Breast cancer has a high prevalence of occurrence in Indonesian society, mainly women. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, surgery often has limitations such as high costs and side effects. Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) is one of the plants that has the potential as an antitumor, anticancer, and antioxidant. This study aims to determine anticancer activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of leunca fruit from stratified maceration against MCF-7 cells and identify the compounds in the extract, which has the highest cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic test was carried out by MTT method. Identification of chemical compounds in the extract was done by thin layer chromatography method, using the GF254 silica plate as the stationary phase and the mixture of chloroform: methanol (14: 6) which was added 50 µL of aquades as the mobile phase. The results showed that methanol extracts of leunca fruit inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 211,046 µg/mL, whereas hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract had no cytotoxic activity againts MCF-7 cells. Doxorubicin had cytotoxic activity againts MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 0,345 µg/mL. The TLC results showed that the methanol extract of leunca fruit contains alkaloid, phenolic, and flavonoid compounds. Based on IC50 values, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of leunca fruit did not has potential cytotoxic activity to be developed as a cancer drug