Analysis of risk factors, pregnancy period and labour outcomes of pregnant women with early or late onset severe preeclampsia

The aim: To determine and compare risk factors, pregnancy period and outcomes of labour within group of pregnant women with early and late onset preeclampsia. Objectives: 1) To compare risk factors in early and late onset preeclampsia groups. 2) To compare pregnancy period of women with severe early and late onset preeclampsia before the diagnosis was made. 3) To compare symptoms of early and late onset preeclampsia. 4) To compare laboratory test results of pregnant women with early and late onset preeclampsia. 5) To compare labour outcomes of pregnant women with early and late onset preeclampsia. Methodology: During the period from 2018 02 01 to 2019 02 01 in LUHS KC 49 patients with early or late onset preeclampsia were included to study. All patients were interviewed with originally designed questionnaire, also relevant data was extracted from medical records. For the purpose of statistical analysis Microsoft Excel ir IBM SPSS 25.0 software were used. All collected data was compared between pregnant women with early and late onset preeclampsia. Results: 18 patients had severe early onset PE (36,7 %), respectively 31 patient (63,3 %) had severe late onset PE. 38,9 % patients in a group of early onset PE smoked cigarettes before pregnancy, 9,7 % in the late onset PE (p = 0,014). Other considered risk factors were statistically insignificant. 77,7% women in early onset PE before the diagnosis had a normal pregnancy, respectively 43,3% in late onset PE group (p = 0,016). Gestational diabetes was more common in late onset PE group (p = 0,007). Dizziness was experienced by 22,2 % in early onset PE group and by 6,5 % in late onset PE group (p = 0,014). Flashing in eyes marked 27,8 % participants from early onset PE and 3,2 % in severe late onset PE (p = 0,011). Statistical significance was not reached for other symptoms between subject groups (p > 0,05). Thrombocytopenia was observed in 20,0 % patients with severe late onset PE, however none in a group of early onset PE (p = 0,043). Other laboratory results did not differ significantly (p > 0,05). 72,2 % of participants in early onset PE group had CS, whereas 29,0% in late onset PE group (p = 0,017). Labor was induced for 35,5 % women in severe late onset PE group and 11,1 % in early onset PE group. 29,0 % of induced labors ended in CS for women in severe late onset PE group, 5,6 % - in severe early onset PE group (p < 0,05). Conclusions: 1) Gestational diabetes was statistically significantly more prevalent in severe late PE group, as well as smoking cigarettes before pregnancy was more frequent in early onset PE group. 2) Normal pregnancy before diagnosis of severe preeclampsia was more frequent between early onset PE patients, whereas various comorbidities were more common in severe late onset PE. 3) Dizziness and flashing in eyes were more frequent in severe early onset PE group. Frequency of other symptoms did not significantly differ between groups. 4) Thrombocytopenia was diagnosed more often in severe late onset PE group. Other blood test results did not significantly differ between groups. 5) Cesarean section was performed more frequently in severe early onset PE group, labor induction was more common choice in severe late onset PE group. Induced labor in severe late onset PE group significantly more often ended in CS