Evaluation of clinical characteristics and outcomes of open globe eye injuries

Aim: To determine clinical characteristics and outcomes of open globe eye injuries Tasks: 1. To analyze risc factors of open globe eye injuries (OGI). 2. To compare different types of open globe eye injuries. 3. To evaluate visual and structural outcomes of open globe eye injuries. Methods. Retrospective analysis of patients with OGI admitted to the Eye Clinics of LSMUL KK during the period of 2015 – 2017 was performed. Epidemiological, clinical characteristics, visual as well as structural outcomes were evaluted. Data analyzed using Excell and SPSS programs. P level lower than 0,05 was selected to verify statistical hypotheses. Results. Total of 161 cases were analyzed. Average age was 41.9 ± 1.5 years, men-to-female ratio 8.5:1. Home was the leading place of injury for 59.6 % of cases. Sharp object was the most common cause of injury. I zone injuries were common for penetrating (41.4 %), perforating (75.0 %) and intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) injuries (69.7 %), and III zone – for globe ruptures (57.1 %). Penetrating injuries were significantly associated with iris prolapse, hyphema, pupil deformations and ocular hypotony; globe ruptures – with eyelid contusion, iris prolapse, iridodialysis, hyphema and ocular hypotony, retinal defects were more common for IOFB injuries. III zone injuries were associated with eyelid contusion, iris prolapse, iridodialysis, pupil deformation, hemophthalmus, vitreous prolapse and chorioidal detachment, I zone injuries – with uveitis. The most common initial visual acuity (VA) was of grade 4. The most common types of initial surgery were eyelid suture, IOFB removal and anterior chamber washout. Penetrating injuries were significantly related to such final diagnoses as corneal scar and vitreous opacity, IOFB injuries to corneal scar, globe ruptures to scleral scar snd vitreous hemorrhage. Dirrect correlation was detected between initial and final VA. Subatrophy was significantly related to initial grade 5 VA, iridodialysis and vitreous prolapse diagnosed during the initial examination, and corneal scar, eye hypotony and vitreous opacities diagnosed at the final examination. Conclusions. OGI were mostly experienced by working age individuals. All types of eye lacerations were mostly caused by sharp objects, and globe ruptures by bunt objects. Penetrating injuries and IOFB injuries were significantly related with I zone, eye ruptures – with III zone of injury. Final visual acuity correlated directly with initial visual acuity. Penetrating injuries were significantly related to satisfactory final visual acuity of grade 3, globe ruptures - to bad final visual acuity of grade 4