Urban innovation districts as hotspots for innovators

How the space- innovators nexus works in cities? Can this nexus be understood only by looking at location of enterprises and companies or is it necessary to investigate other enabling factors related to the spatial structure of cities? This paper seeks to answer this question by focusing on the mode of using neighbourhood and spaces performed in cities by innovative entrepreneurs. Findings drawn from an extensive dataset built in USA suggest that urban policies should encompass spatial interventions on the built environment, holding the potential to facilitate the construction of a physical ecosystem supportive of innovation. This spatial fabric includes: shared spaces and private small businesses facilitating interaction, both informal and formal, both specialized and multidisciplinary; public services and facilities that allow preserving uniqueness and inclusiveness. Furthermore, the spatial pattern should be supportive of a walkable environment, offering effective transit and public transport facilities. Consistent policy actions include: (1) Launching dedicated programs focused on small target areas, combining spatial planning and innovation-driven economic initiatives; (2) Introducing flexible rules in the funding streams, prioritizing goals over means; (3) Fostering pilot programs including non-conventional beneficiaries and non-traditional eligible costs