I BENI DEGLI ESULI. I SEQUESTRI AUSTRIACI IN VENETO TRA CONTROLLO POLITICO E PRASSI BUROCRATICA (1848-1861)

The thesis proposes a study about the Italian exile in the year before the Unification of Italy, with a particular attention to the decade 1848-1859. The work aims to identify the protagonists of the Venetian exile that are mainly neglected by the historiography. The purpose of this work is to create a data-base in which catalogue, as completely as possibile, the informations about the financial conditions of the exiles after and before their comdamnation to the seizure of goods organizated by the Austrian from 1848 to 1857, the social status, the effectiveness or the ineffectiveness of the measures taken by the patriots to safeguard their goods and the the strategies prepared by the Austrian authorities to complete the seizure. The social and economical aspects of the exiles of the Risorgimento were for long time neglected and a cultural and political perspective was preferred. It is also important to underline that for the first time the exile became a massive phenomenon, involving any social class and age, not only the great aristocracy and the rich bourgeoisie. This essay is divided into four chapters: in the first is underline the argument of the origins of confiscation and seizure in Lombardy and Venetia during the modern age, through a detailed study of crucial moments, as the 1797 in Venice and the Napoleonic period. The second aims to show every measure taken by the Austrian administrations in the years between 1848 and 1857, with also an analysis of the years 1860-1866. The third and the fourth chapters are devoted to observe the work of the Austrian administration offices and the strategies and the real state of the exiles and their familes.La th\ue8se est consacr\ue9 \ue0 l'\ue9tude de l\u2019exile italien dans les ann\ue9es pr\ue9c\ue9dentes la r\ue9alisation de l'unit\ue9 nationale italienne, avec une attention toute particuli\ue8re pour la d\ue9cennie 1848-1859. Le travail vise en premier lieu \ue0 identifier les protagonistes v\ue9nitiens de l\u2019exile qui repr\ue9sentent, dans ces ann\ue9es, des cas d\u2019\ue9tude tr\ue8s int\ue9ressants et peu \ue9tudi\ue9s. Objectif du projet est de cr\ue9er une base de donn\ue9es dans laquelle placer, aussi compl\ue8tement que possible, les informations relatives aux patrimoines des exil\ue9s avant et apr\ue8s leur condamnation, leur statut social r\ue9el au sein de la V\ue9n\ue9tie autrichienne, l'efficacit\ue9 ou non des mesures prises par les patriotes dans la d\ue9fense de leurs biens et ceux utilis\ue9s par la police pour effectuer des s\ue9questres et des confiscations. Les aspects \ue9conomiques et sociaux concernant les exil\ue9s du Risorgimento ont \ue9t\ue9 longtemps n\ue9glig\ue9s au profit d'une interpr\ue9tation fort concentr\ue9e sur les \ue9l\ue9ments politiques, appuy\ue9e sur un r\ue9cit vulgaris\ue9 dans lequel les Patriotes \ue0 l'\ue9tranger \ue9taient, dans la grande majorit\ue9 des cas, bourgeois ou d'extraction aristocratique, et qui prenait ainsi pour acquis leur situation financi\ue8re. Le projet, d\ue9velopp\ue9 en deux volets, se compose \ue9galement de deux parties compl\ue9mentaires, l\u2019un d\ue9di\ue9e \ue0 l\u2019exil \ue9conomique et social, l\u2019autre \ue0 la relation entre ce ph\ue9nom\ue8ne et l\u2019innovation soit dans le fonctionnement de la bureaucratie, soit dans la gestion des patrimoines et dans les strat\ue9gies adopt\ue9es pour les prot\ue9ger. La premi\ue8re, qui vise \ue0 r\ue9aliser un inventaire aussi complet que possible des expatri\ue9s de la V\ue9n\ue9tie autrichienne pendant la Risorgimento, s\u2019inspire des m\ue9thodes d\u2019histoire quantitative, sociale et culturelle, ainsi que d\u2019une base de donn\ue9es model\ue9e sur celles d\ue9j\ue0 mises en place pour l\u2019\ue9tude des r\ue9fugi\ue9s en Piedmont apr\ue8s le 1848, \ue0 partir des fonds conserv\ue9s aux Archives Nationales de Venise