Exclusion in Digital Markets

This article recasts the existing analytical framework on exclusion to account for the technology-intensive nature of digital markets. It discusses:a) technological ways that affect the competitive intensity in digital marketsb) empirical data on the durability of competitive advantage in digital markets, and c) the nature of exclusion as a monopolization tactic from a technological point of viewThe technology element is important because as a matter of order it is technological capabilities and limitations that define what the transactional overlay can be, not the other way around. Economists start from the pre-assumption that “in the beginning there [are] markets,” but in markets where the high technology element is prominent, which market actors, transactional interactions, and options are available, and under which conditions, is largely dependent on what is technically possible