Cuidados de enfermería en hospitalización a domicilio y hospitalización convencional

BACKGROUND: nursing care is of especial importance in hospital care in the home (HH). This is as due to the characteristics of the patient as it is to the transfer to the informal carers for the patient. The aim of this study is to analyse the quantity and type of nursing care administered and required by patients in HH and conventional hospitalisation (CH). METHODS: Project Research Nursing (PRN) was used to quantify the amount and types of nursing care administered and required in 2 groups of patients (HH: 148 patients, 1776 stays; CH: 148 patients, 1113 stays) having similar characteristics and treated in each way, together with how they evolved, analysing differences in terms of forms of attention and the characteristics of the patients. RESULTS: in terms of the care administered, those patients in HH (647.8 minutes / episode) received less care than those in CH (1030 minutes / episode). This difference was fundamentally due to the fact that they received less basic care (HH: 96.6 min./episode; CH: 464.3 min./episode) and diagnostic work (HH: 84.4 min./episode; CH: 177.3). On the other hand, patients in HH received a greater quantity of communicational care (238.8 min., as opposed to 107.4 in CH). No significant differences were found between the care administered and that which was required. CONCLUSIONS: patients in HH received less nursing care than did those in CH, mainly due to the fact that they received less basic care from nurses, as this work was transferred to their careers. They also received less care associated with diagnostic tests (depending on styles of medical practice), although they received more care in the form of communication (health education). The lack of differences between the care that was actually administered and that which was required suggests that the quality of care provided is sufficient in both forms of hospitalisation.FUNDAMENTO. Los cuidados de enfermería tienen especial importancia en la hospitalización domiciliaria (HD), tanto por las características de los pacientes como por su transferencia hacia los cuidadores informales del paciente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la cantidad y tipo de cuidados de enfermería administrados y requeridos por los pacientes en HD y hospitalización convencional (HC). METODO.- Se utilizó el Project Research Nursing (PRN) para cuantificar el volumen y tipo de cuidados de enfermería administrados y requeridos en 2 grupos de pacientes (HD: 148 pacientes, 1776 estancias; HC: 148 pacientes, 1113 estancias) con características similares tratados en cada una de las alternativas a evaluación, analizándose las diferencias según modalidades de atención y características de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: Respecto a los cuidados administrados, los pacientes en HD (647,8 minutos/episodio) recibieron un menor volumen de cuidados que en HC (1030 minutos/episodio). Esta diferencia se debió fundamentalmente a que les fueron administrados menos cuidados básicos (HD: 96,6 min./episodio; HC: 464,3 in/episodio) y diagnósticos (HD: 84,4 in/episodio; HC: 167,3). Por el contrario, los pacientes en HD recibieron una mayor cantidad de cuidados de comunicación (238,8 minutos, frente a 107,4 en HC). No se hallaron diferencias significativas entre cuidados administrados y requeridos. CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes en HD reciben menos cuidados de enfermería que en HC, fundamentalmente a expensas de los cuidados básicos (transferidos a los cuidadores) y de los cuidados asociados a la realización de pruebas diagnósticas (dependientes de los estilos de práctica médicos), aunque reciben mas cuidados de comunicación (educación sanitaria). La ausencia de diferencias entre los cuidados realmente administrados y los requeridos sugiere una adecuada calidad asistencial en ambas modalidades de hospitalización