Atividade física e hábitos alimentares de adolescentes escolares: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PENSE), 2015

Adolescence is a phase of biopsychosocial changes, bringing with it habits that can consolidate and persist in adulthood, especially negative habits related to eating and practicing physical activities. This study investigated the association between physical activities and regular consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods in school adolescents. The analysis included 16.556 school adolescents from the National School Health Survey 2015. The dependent variable was the regular practice of physical activities and the independent variables were the regular consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. A chi-squared test was used with a significance level of 5%. The regular practice of physical activity was reported by 20,7% of adolescents. The majority presented adequate nutritional status. The proportion of adolescents who regularly consumed healthy food markers ranged from 54,9% to 72%, compared to unhealthy markers, ranging from 15,4% to 59,6%. There was a statistically significant association between the consumption of healthy foods, such as beans, fruits and vegetables and the practice of physical exercises (p<0.05). Habits that ensure optimal nutrition and increase the level of physical activity contribute to improving the health status of the population. There is evidence of the need for public measures to promote health in order to improve the pattern of physical inactivity in adolescents and consumption of unhealthy foods, reducing overweight in this age group and, above all, preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases in adult life.A adolescência é uma fase de mudanças biopsicossociais trazendo consigo hábitos que podem consolidar-se e perdurar na fase adulta, principalmente hábitos negativos relacionados à alimentação e prática de atividade física. O objetivo do trabalho foi investigar a associação entre a prática de atividade física e o consumo regular de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis em adolescentes escolares. A análise incluiu 16.556 adolescentes escolares da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar 2015. A variável dependente foi prática regular de atividade física e as independentes foram o consumo regular de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis. Utilizou-se teste de Qui-quadrado com adoção do nível de significância de 5%. A prática regular de atividade física foi relatada por 20,7% dos adolescentes. A maioria apresentou estado nutricional adequado. A proporção de adolescentes que consumiam regularmente os marcadores de alimentação saudável variou de 54,9% a 72%, já em relação aos marcadores de alimentação não saudável, essa proporção variou de 15,4% a 59,6%. Verificou-se associação estatística significativa entre o consumo de alimentos saudáveis, como feijão, frutas e verduras e a prática de exercícios físicos (p<0,05). Hábitos que garantem a nutrição ideal e aumentem o nível de atividade física contribuem para a melhoria do estado de saúde da população. Evidencia-se a necessidade de medidas públicas de promoção da saúde a fim de melhorar o padrão de inatividade física em adolescentes e consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, reduzindo o excesso de peso nessa faixa etária e, sobretudo prevenindo doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na vida adulta. ABSTRACTPhysical activity and eating habits of adolescent students: national school health survey (PeNSE), 2015Adolescence is a phase of biopsychosocial changes, bringing with it habits that can consolidate and persist in adulthood, especially negative habits related to eating and practicing physical activities. This study investigated the association between physical activities and regular consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods in school adolescents. The analysis included 16.556 school adolescents from the National School Health Survey 2015. The dependent variable was the regular practice of physical activities and the independent variables were the regular consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. A chi-squared test was used with a significance level of 5%. The regular practice of physical activity was reported by 20,7% of adolescents. The majority presented adequate nutritional status. The proportion of adolescents who regularly consumed healthy food markers ranged from 54,9% to 72%, compared to unhealthy markers, ranging from 15,4% to 59,6%. There was a statistically significant association between the consumption of healthy foods, such as beans, fruits and vegetables and the practice of physical exercises (p