Efectos de los aceites esenciales amazónicos de Citrus limon y Cymbopogon citratus sobre el crecimiento de hongos fitopatógenos

The effect of Amazonian essential oils extracted from Citrus limon and Cymbopogoncitratus was evaluated in vitro on the following phytopatogen fungi:Rhizopus stolonifer (ATCC 6227), Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 10124), Cladosporiumcladosporioides (ATCC 16022), Fusarium solani (ATCC 36031), Moniliophthoraroreri and Phytophthora sp. The antifungal activity of essential oils wasdetermined by agar diffusion method, on five different concentrations (10, 50,100, 200, 500 μL/mL). C. citratus essential oil showed a significant antifungalactivity (p<0.05), dependent on the dose. A. oryzae, C. cladosporioides, F.solani, M. roreri and R. stolonifer achieved a growth inhibition of 95%, at themaximum essential oil concentration (500 μL/mL), showing behaviour similarto the control (Thymus vulgaris). C. cladosporioides revealed a special sensibilitytoward C. citratus essential oil. Actually, it showed an increasing inhibition(60% to 95%), from minimum to maximum concentration respectively (10-500μL/mL). C. limon essential oil did not exhibit a significant antifungal activity,even if C. cladosporioides growth was inhibited at 70% and F. solani growth at72%, both at the maximum concentration (500 μL/mL). According to the obtaineddata, C. citratus essential oil is considered as promissory for in vitro biologicalcontrol of phytopatogen fungi, while C. limon essential oil showed interestingresults only for two of the studied species.Se evaluó el efecto de los aceites esenciales de Citrus limon y Cymbopogoncitratus, procedentes de la Amazonía ecuatoriana, sobre el crecimiento in vitrode los hongos fitopatógenos Rhizopus stolonifer (ATCC 6227), Aspergillusoryzae (ATCC 10124), Cladosporium cladosporioides (ATCC 16022), Fusariumsolani (ATCC 36031), Moniliophthora roreri y Phytophthora sp. Paracomprobar la actividad antifúngica de dichos aceites se utilizó el método de ladifusión en agar, con cinco diferentes concentraciones de aceite esencial (10, 50,100, 200, 500 μL/mL). El aceite de C. citratus mostró una significativa actividadantifúngica (p