Evaluación funcional cardiovascular en hipertensos tratados con enalapril durante 6 meses

Introduction and objectives: Hypertension affects approximately 30% of adults worldwide, and is a cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factor. Ergometry and echocardiography are not routine tests, but allow obtaining guiding parameters of cardiovascular functional capacity. The objective was to compare these parameters in hypertensive patients after treatment with enalapril. Method: A quasi-experimental, prospec-tive study was performed in 38 patients, who underwent ergometry and echocardiography before and after enalapril monotherapy (10-20 mg/day) for 6 months. Ergometric and echocardiographic variables were assessed. Results: Males were predominant (63%), the average age was 39 years, 89.5% were stage I hypertensive subjects, there were no stage III hypertensive subjects, and secondary hypertension was excluded. At both times of study obese subjects were predominant. At 6 months there was a reduction of systolic and diastolic blood pressures both at rest and during physical exertion, which was significant for the systolic (p <0.005) and more noticeable in women, in those under 40 years and in the obese; the variations in heart rate lacked relevance. The initial finding of diastolic dysfunction in 50% of patients that was partly reversed after treatment was significant, and only 5.3% of patients had alterations in ventricular geometry. Conclusions: After treatment BP change significantly, there were no significant changes in HR and left ventricular geometry, and impaired diastolic function partially reversed. These results suggest the performing of studies with longer evolution and the use of other methods for measuring functional capacity in hypertensive patients.Introducción y objetivos: La hipertensión arterial afecta aproximadamente al 30 % de los adultos a nivel mundial, y constituye un factor de riesgo cardiovascular y cerebrovascular. La ergometría y la ecocardiografía no son estudios de rutina, pero permiten obtener parámetros orientadores de la capacidad funcional cardiovascular. El objetivo fue comparar dichos parámetros en pacientes hipertensos, tras tratamiento con enalapril. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, prospectivo en 38 pacientes, a quienes se les realizó ergometría y ecocardiograma, antes y después de lamonoterapia con enalapril (10-20mg/día), durante 6 meses. Se evaluaron variables ergométricas y ecocardiográficas. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino (63 %), el promedio de edad fue de 39 años; 89,5 % eran hipertensos grado I, no hubo hipertensos grado III; y se excluyó la hipertensión secundaria. Predominaron los obesos en ambos momentos del estudio. A los 6 meses se encontró una reducción de la presión arterial sistólica y diastólica en reposo y durante el esfuerzo físico, significativa en el caso de la sistólica (p