This article reviews the case law on the exceptions laid down in Article XXI of the GATT 1947 and GATT 1994, which enabled the GATT Contracting Parties, and still to the WTO members, to depart from their obligations under the GATT in order to protect their essential security interests. Emphasis will be made in the most controversial exception amongst the ones related to national security established in GATT, namely the one concerning measures taken in time of war or other emergencies in international relations (subsection b) iii) of Article XXI). After presenting the various disputes in which Article XXI of GATT has been alleged and the way in which GATT Contracting Parties and WTO Members have interpreted this exception, it is concluded th...
Although the GATT is emblematic among multilateral agreements in pursuing the removal of trade restr...
The article offers an ‘insider story’ of the establishment of the Office of Legal Affairs in the Gen...
The general and specific obligations undertaken under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GA...
RESUMEN: Este artículo revisa la jurisprudencia relativa a las excepciones reguladas en el Artículo ...
Este artículo revisa la jurisprudencia relativa a las excepciones reguladas en el Artículo XXI del a...
Article XXI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was designed to create a security ...
The national security exception under Article XXI of GATT is a major exception to Members’ obligatio...
This article will ask to what extent article XXI allows Contracting Parties to escape obligations of...
Agreed commitments under GATS — both general and specific — amount to substantial qualifications to ...
Today, there are an unprecedented number of disputes at the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) involvi...
Today, there are an unprecedented number of disputes at the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) involvi...
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XXI remains intact, without any modificati...
INTRODUCTION. This paper is devoted to interpretation of so-called WTO “Security Exception Articles”...
It can be said that the multilateral trading system based on the GATT functioned with relative succe...
Defence date: 19/06/2009Examining Board: Prof. Gráinne de Búrca (supervisor), former EUI, now Fordha...
Although the GATT is emblematic among multilateral agreements in pursuing the removal of trade restr...
The article offers an ‘insider story’ of the establishment of the Office of Legal Affairs in the Gen...
The general and specific obligations undertaken under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GA...
RESUMEN: Este artículo revisa la jurisprudencia relativa a las excepciones reguladas en el Artículo ...
Este artículo revisa la jurisprudencia relativa a las excepciones reguladas en el Artículo XXI del a...
Article XXI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was designed to create a security ...
The national security exception under Article XXI of GATT is a major exception to Members’ obligatio...
This article will ask to what extent article XXI allows Contracting Parties to escape obligations of...
Agreed commitments under GATS — both general and specific — amount to substantial qualifications to ...
Today, there are an unprecedented number of disputes at the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) involvi...
Today, there are an unprecedented number of disputes at the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) involvi...
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Article XXI remains intact, without any modificati...
INTRODUCTION. This paper is devoted to interpretation of so-called WTO “Security Exception Articles”...
It can be said that the multilateral trading system based on the GATT functioned with relative succe...
Defence date: 19/06/2009Examining Board: Prof. Gráinne de Búrca (supervisor), former EUI, now Fordha...
Although the GATT is emblematic among multilateral agreements in pursuing the removal of trade restr...
The article offers an ‘insider story’ of the establishment of the Office of Legal Affairs in the Gen...
The general and specific obligations undertaken under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GA...