Sexuality during menstruation from men\u27s perspective

Uvod: Menstruacija in spolnost sta vezani na določen telesni predel - genitalije. Na podlagi enake psihologije ju povezujemo in imata močan vpliv ena na drugo. Čeprav je menstruacija del naravnega, reproduktivnega procesa, v kulturi velja za tabu. Prepričanja o menstruaciji in ženski, ki ima menstruacijo, ostajajo negativna. Namen: Spoznati stališča moških o različnih vidikih spolnosti med menstruacijo. Metode dela: V teoretičnem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Temeljno literaturo smo iskali v učbenikih in knjigah, izdanih v obdobju od leta 1984 do 2018. Članke smo pridobili v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, ScienceDirect in SpringerLink. Uporabili smo ključne besede menstruation, men, society, sexuality, perception, z Boolovim operaterjem AND. Kriteriji za vključitev člankov je bilo obdobje od leta 1990 do 2018, saj nas je zanimala tudi sprememba stališč do menstruacije v tem obdobju, slovenski ali angleški jezik, prost dostop do celotne vsebine virov, vsebinska ustreznost in relevantnost članka. Kakovost raziskav smo ocenili po štiristopenjski lestvici. Uporabili smo 15 raziskav. V empiričnem delu diplomskega dela smo uporabili kavzalno neeksperimentalno metodo dela. Kot instrument raziskovanja smo uporabili spletni anketni vprašalnik, ki je bil oblikovan s pomočjo spletne strani 1KA. Vseboval je 20 vprašanj. Objavljen je bil na spletnem portalu 1KA ter deljen preko različnih družbenih omrežij. Vzorec je zajemal moške, ki so že imeli spolni odnos. Rezultati: Ustrezno je bilo izpolnjenih 539 anket. Za vaginalni spolni odnos med menstruacijo se odloči 56 % anketirancev in od teh jih več kot polovica meni, da je to del zdrave odrasle spolnosti. Med anketiranci, ki se ne odločijo za spolni odnos med menstruacijo pa je pogosto mnenje, da ženska v tem času potrebuje druge oblike izkazovanja ljubezni in nežnosti. Razprava in zaključek: Večina anketirancev v naši raziskavi ima pozitiven odnos do menstruacije in do ženske med menstruacijo, v primerjavi s starejšim študijami, v katerih prevladujejo negativna mnenja. Podatki lahko nakazujejo na bolj odprt odnos moških do menstruacije kot v preteklosti, vendar pa, glede na določene metodološke šibkosti raziskave, rezultatov ne moremo posploševati.Introduction: Both, menstruation and sexual activity, relate the same intimate part of the woman\u27s body - the genitals. Thus, they are likely to be psychologically linked. Although menstruation is a part of a natural, reproductive process, it bears a strong cultural taboo. Views on menstruation and the menstruating woman remain negative. Purpose: To acknowledge men\u27s various perspectives on sexuality during menstruation. Methods: In the theoretical part of diploma work, a descriptive method was used. Basic literature was found in textbooks and books, published between 1984 and 2018. Scientific articles were retrieved from the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect and SpringerLink with keywords menstruation, men, society, perception, linked with Boolean operator AND. Included articles were published between 1990 and 2018, due to the search for changes in attitudes towards menstruation, they were written in the Slovenian or the English language, with free access to full content, and offered suitable and relevant content. Article quality was evaluated based on a four-level scale. 15 articles were included altogether. In the empirical part of the diploma work, a causal nonexperimental method was used. A survey questionnaire with 20 questions was designed as a research instrument on the web portal 1KA and shared on various social networks. The research sample consisted of men who had already had sexual intercourse. Results: 539 questionnaires were adequately completed. 56 % of participants have vaginal intercourse during woman\u27s menstruation and more than a half of these believe it to be a part of healthy adult sexuality. Among participants who decides against sexual intercourse during woman\u27s menstruation, it is a common opinion that women need other ways of expressing love and affection during that time. Discussion and conclusion: Most participants in the present research have positive attitudes towards menstruation and a woman during menstruation, whereas in older studies, negative attitudes prevail. Received data can imply a more open relationship of men towards menstruation compared to the past but the results cannot be generalised due to some methodological weaknesses of the research