Callus induction and somatic embryogenesis in Nypa fruticans wurmb zygotic embryo

Nypa fruticans has been reported to be a potential source of ethanol. To date, there is no available protocol on tissue culture suitable for N. fruticans to produce superior and uniform planting materials for future wide-scale production. This paper investigated the influence on callus induction of various concentrations of 2,4-D and activated charcoal as well as the effects of three orientations of the explant on the media. Sixty-four percent of the explants cultured in full-strength MS media, supplemented with various combinations of different concentrations of 2,4-D and activated charcoal, produced protocorm-like structures in cultures with lower concentrations of 2,4-D combined with high concentrations of activated charcoal. Fifty-two percent of protocorm-like structures in T18 cultures significantly (