Chickpea and temperature stress

Chickpea is an important food grain legume and an essential component of crop rotations throughout the world. However, the adaptation and productivity of chickpea is often limited by low and high temperatures. Cold stress generally occurs in the late vegetative and reproductive stages across the geographical areas of chickpea production. Cold and freezing temperatures (−1.5°C to 15°C) are considered a major problem during the seedling stage of winter-sown chickpea in Mediterranean areas and autumn-sown crops in temperate regions (Singh, 1993). South Australia and parts of north India are most affected by chilling temperatures at flowering (Berger et al., 2011). On the other hand, high day and night temperatures (>30/16°C) may cause damage during the reproductive stage on winter-sown chickpea in Mediterranean inseason rainfall areas, south Asia and spring-sown regions (Berger et al., 2011). In chickpea, temperature is a major environmental factor regulating the timing of flowering thus influencing grain yield (Summerfield et al., 1990; Berger et al., 2004). Both low and high temperatures can limit the growth and grain yield of chickpea at all phenological stages..