376 p.This thesis deals with the scattered urbanization areas of the Paris metropolis. Combining the commercial offer, diversity of practice and mobilities, this thesis analyzes these areas in a relational approach to understand the mechanisms underlying their dynamics. We will approach the subject throught the prism of recent works, using a new method that considers these areas for their own characteristics and not in relation to the dominant metropolis areas. The issue is to suggest a critical vision on the way they organize, beyond the traditional considerations and representations carried by politics and planners on the dependency and decline of these areas. Using a mixed methodology (quantitative approach, interview, and “mental maps”...