Enhancing the mechanical properties of porcelain stoneware tiles: a microstructural approach

This paper focuses on the complexities of the microstructure and phase development in porcelain stoneware tiles produced following industrial fast single firing cycles. A microstructural investigation was conducted to determine if the addition of selected low cost minerals would improve mechanical properties. The minerals tested were quartz, mullite and kyanite. Uniaxially pressed samples were submitted to the same industrial firing schedule and tested according to the European tile standards before further microstructural analysis. All the requirements specified in UNI EN normative concerning BIa class tiles were fulfilled; moreover, mullite and kyanite added formulations showed sensible increases in mechanical properties, especially as far as flexural strength and abrasion resistance are concerned