National audienceThe purpose of this work is to pursue the miniaturization of MOS transistors since the emergence of harmful effects (short channel effects) over the electrical response of devices has motivated the research about non planar architecture as well as some innovative materials. This PhD introduces a 3D architecture based on III-V vertical nanowires for the making of MOS transistors which overcomes several materials and architectural challenges. To begin, the realization of vertical nanowire on Si substrates is presented using two kinds of techniques. Firstly, the topdown approach using ebeam lithography and plasma etching is a reproducible way to obtain vertical GaAs nanowires with diameter down to 30 nm. Secondly, InAs vertica...