Modulation by galanin of growth hormone and gonadotropin secretion from perifused pituitary and median eminence of prepubertal male calves.

Galanin is widely distributed in the peripheral and central nervous system and has been indicated as a putative hypothalamic-hypophysiotropic hormone. This study was performed to investigate the effects of galanin on both growth (GH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) from pituitaries of young male calves. Pituitary slices (P, 500 μm in thickness) were perfused alone or coincubated with median eminence terminals (ME) in DMEM-F12 plus BSA 0.1% and antibiotics. The perifusion chambers were kept in equilibrium for 150 min, and medium samples were collected every 10 min for 240 min and stored at -20°C until the measurement of LH and GH levels. Basal GH release increased up to 60% after galanin infusion (p < 0.01 vs. baseline levels) for 60 min in P alone; in P + ME coincubation, galanin-stimulated GH secretion was further increased by up to 200%. Basal LH release in chambers with P was significantly increased (up to 25%; p < 0.05) for 70 min after galanin infusion; P + ME coincubation showed a galanin-mediated increase in LH release of up to 50%. GH and LH responsiveness to exogenous GH-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone was not significantly modulated by galanin in our experimental model. In conclusion, galanin is demonstrated to have a significant stimulatory role in the secretion of GH and LH, with a combined action at both the hypothalamic and pituitary levels