A Review of Algorithms for Compliant Control of Stiff and Fixed-Compliance Robots

This survey presents the state of the art of basic compliant control algorithms in a unified view of past and present literature. Compliant control is fundamental when dealing with unstructured environments, as in the case of human–robot interaction. This is because it implicitly controls the energy transfer to the environment, providing a safe interaction. In this review, we analyze solutions from traditional robotics, usually involving stiff joints, and recent literature to find common control concepts and differences. To this aim, we bring back every schemas and relative mathematics formulation to a common and simplified scenario. Then, for each schema, we explain its intuitive meaning and report issues raised in the literature. We also propose an expansion of taxonomy to account for recent research