Relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion and insulin metabolism in simple obesity

The study was designed to evaluate whether the correlation occurring in simple obesity between insulin resistance and peripheral hyperinsulinemia corresponds to a relationship between insulin resistance and insulin overproduction by the pancreas. In addition, the study investigated the relation existing in simple obesity between insulin resistance and insulin metabolism. For these purposes, we measured and correlated: (1) insulin sensitivity, estimated by glucose disappearance rate from plasma after intravenous insulin injection; (2) insulin secretion by the pancreas, estimated by fasting C-peptide levels in peripheral blood; (3) insulin metabolism, estimated by means of C-peptide: insulin molar ratio in peripheral blood. Twenty-five subjects (20 females, five males) aged 21 to 59 years were studied. All were obese and had a normal glucose tolerance. Glucose disappearance rate from plasma after i.v. insulin injection averaged 3.65 +/- 0.42 mg/dl/min (mean +/- s.e.m.). Fasting C-peptide was 0.90 +/- 0.09 nmol/l. Fasting C-peptide: insulin molar ratio averaged 5.94 +/- 0.48. Negative correlations were found between glucose disappearance rates after i.v. insulin injection, ie, insulin sensitivity, and fasting concentrations of both insulin (r = -0.806, P less than 0.001) and C-peptide (r = -0.525, P less than 0.01). A positive relationship was found between glucose disappearance rate from plasma after i.v. insulin injection and fasting C-peptide: insulin molar ratio, ie, insulin metabolism (r = 0.707, P less than 0.001). We conclude that in simple obesity insulin overproduction by the pancreas is negatively related to insulin resistance, and insulin resistance and impaired insulin metabolism are strictly related phenomena