Add to ORKGSome students of science are drawn to psychology because it offers an almost unlimited field for investigation and research. It has been said that psychology is individualistic and no two systems are alike. This is true only in part as there are certain principles agreed upon by the majority of psychologists, but there are also many on which leaders in this science have different opinions. As early as 1876 Alexander Bain advanced theories regarding the method by which learning takes place. He asserted that man, in the beginning, has a proneness to make voluntary movements which are originated by stimuli, but whose course is at first the result of chance. From these spontaneous movements those are chosen which manifest adaptiveness of the or...