Takeover and handover requests using non-speech auditory displays in semi-automated vehicles

Since non-speech sounds can convey urgency well, they have been used as alerts in the vehicle context, including control transitions (handover and takeover) in automated vehicles. However, their potential has not been fully investigated to make use in international standards. To contribute to making authentic standards, the present paper investigated the effects of various non-speech displays to further refine auditory variables. Twenty-four young drivers drove in the driving simulator that had both handover and takeover transitions between manual and automated modes with a secondary task. The reaction times for handover and takeover and other sound user experience questionnaire results are reported with discussions and future work