Solar neutrinos: theory vs experiment

I review the standard solar model, the disparities between its predictions and the solar neutrino flux measurements of the Homestake and Kamioka II collaborations, and possible particle physics resolutions of this puzzle. The effects of matter, including density fluctuations and turbulence, on solar neutrino oscillations are reviewed, including possibilities for generating time variations in the solar neutrino flux. Finally, I consider possible outcomes and implications of the SAGE/GALLEX gallium experiments