Handbook of air pollutant emissions from transportation systems

Procedures for estimating the rate of air pollutant emissions from transportation systems are described. Emission factors and computation techniques for motor vehicles, railroad locomotives, aircraft, and waterborne vessels are presented. The major emphasis is on motor vehicle emission computations and data on model year emission rates, control device deterioration, and vehicle speed adjustments are given. Procedures for separating the cold start, computing evaporative emissions by source, and developing modewise emission factors are presented. TREFACT, a computer program designed to calculate motor vehicle emission factors, is described. Emission factors for diesel and electric railroad locomotives are presented and discussed. Aircraft emissions are descnibed in the context of total airport emissions. Emission factors for both inboardand outboard-powered waterborne vessels are presented. (auth