In contrast to classical physical theories, quantum mechanics - the theory describing particles and waves in the microscopic world - has very peculiar properties: The most prominent of them are the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, that makes it impossible to determine certain pairs of variables of a system simultaneously, as well as the existence of entangled states, which allow to establish non-local correlations between two particles at arbitrary distances. This lead to the derivation of the famous paradox of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen, from which the authors con cluded that quantum mechanics cannot be a complete theory. The possibility of the existence of the thereupon postulated complete local hidden variable theories (LHV) became te...