The Biopsychosocial Factors and Genital Hygiene Affecting Cervical Cancer at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java

Background: Cervical cancer is a major public health issue. It is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. Worldwide, it was estimated that 493,000 new cases and 274,000 deaths occurring every year according to the statistics of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The prevalence of cervical cancer in Indonesia was 0.8‰ with an estimated 98.692 cases. This study aimed to determine the biopsychosocial factors and genital hygiene affecting cervical cancer. Subjects and Method: This was a case-control study conducted at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, from December 2017 to February 2018. A total of 178 study subjects including 95 women with cervical cancer (case) and 83 women without cervical cancer (control) were selected by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was cervical cancer. The independent variables were age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, body mass index (BMI), stress, education, income, and genital hygiene. Cervical cancer data was collected by medical record. The other data were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by path analysis model. Results: The risk of cervical cancer increased with the number of sexual partner >1 (b= 1.91; 95% CI= 0.31 to 3.49; p=0.019), BMI ≥25 (b= 0.98; 95% CI= -0.06 to 2.04; p= 0.067), and stress (b= 1.59; 95% CI= 0.39 to 2.80; p= 0.009). The risk of cervical cancer decreased with higher education (b= -3.58; 95% CI= -4.77 to -2.39;p