Opioid-Induced Constipation: Clinical Guidance and Approved Therapies

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a common adverse effect experienced by many patients on opioid therapy for chronic pain. Inadequate treatment of OIC is a barrier to the management of chronic pain and leads to a poorer quality of life. Nonpharmacologic treatment includes dietary and lifestyle changes. OTC medications include stimulant laxatives, stool softeners, and enemas. Prescription medications include lubiprostrone, methylnaltrexone, naloxegol, and naldemedine. Pharmacists can take a proactive approach in helping patients prevent and manage OIC by making recommendations on therapy selection and dose adjustments and by counseling on the side effects of their medication