Personal intelligence expressed: A multiple case study of business leaders

An individual\u27s intelligences promote success in a wide range of life areas, including at school and at work. A recently proposed intelligence, personal intelligence (PI), is defined as the “capacity to reason about personality and to use personality and personal information to enhance one\u27s thoughts, plans and life experience.” This article employs a multiple case study of well-known business leaders to see if the expressions of PI are really identifiable in people\u27s life expressions. High PI leaders, compared to other leaders, appeared interested in their own and others\u27 personalities, possessed theories of how they were the same as and different from others, used their identities to motivate themselves, and were able to better speak from the heart