Labor unions and corporate campaigns: Necessary tactic or hindrance to bargaining

The author examined occurrences of corporate campaigns between 1990-2004 in order to evaluate the effectiveness of union\u27s use of non-traditional strategies in achieving business concessions. Cases included were those representing the presence of litigation, coalition building, exerted pressures on financial associates, efforts to compel regulatory agencies investigations of businesses breaches of law, pressuring government, on job actions, and waging negative publicity campaigns. This study built upon the past work of Paul Jarley and Cheryl L. Maranto\u27s that originated three categories of contexts for campaigns: organizing campaigns, strike complement, and strike substitute corporate campaigns. These labor action stages set the foundation in which the success or failure of the various tactics could be measured; The research conducted by this study explored ideal combinations of tactics useful in specific labor action situations, subsequently suggesting more coherent strategies for winning employer concessions