~oTH CoNGREss, } 3d Session. SENATE. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES. FEBRUARY 6, 1879.-0rdered to be printed. {REPORT No. 731. Mr. GROVER, from the Committee on Public Lands, submitted the fol-lowing REPORT: [To accompany bHl S. 1486.] .The Committee on Publ,ic Lands, to 'Whom was r~ferred the bill (S. 1486) to adjust the claints of the owners of lands 'Within the limits of the Klamath Indian Reser'vation in the State of Oregon, report as follows: 1 By an act of Congress approved July 2, 1864, there were granted to the State of Oregon certain lands "to aiu in the construction of a mili-tary wagon-road from Eugene City, by way of :Middle Fork of Willa-mette River, and the most feasible pass in Uascade range of mountains, near Diamond Peak, to the eastern boundary of the State." 'l'he grant was in prmsenti, and under the uniform rulings of the Supreme Court it vested in the State an 'immediate title in all the lands subject to its operation. The general route of the road was fixed with geographical certainty in the act of Congress, and there was no requirement for filing maps, nor other evidence ot location. Along the route indicated the grant extended to the amount of altei'nate sections specified, and the only exception was as to "lands heretofore reserved to the United States by act of Congress or other competent authority." The lands were pledged exclusively to the construction of the road; the State was authorized to sell not exceeding thirty sections as fast as each section of ten miles of road was completed, and the road was to "be and remain a public highway for the use of the Government ·of the United States, free from tolls or other charge upon the transportation of any property, troops, or mails of the United States." This grant was duly accepted by the State of Oregon, and her legisla-ture designated the Oregon Centrall\filitary vVagon Road Company as the company to receive the grant and construct the road. In January, 1870, the governor of Oregon certified to the Secretary of the Interior his acceptance of the road as completely constructed, and thereafter the bulk of the lands were certified by the Interior Department to the State and by the State conveyed to the company. Still later, and for valuable consideration, the lands were sold to a number of parties resident in Cal-ifornia, who purchased apparently for purposes of coloRization, and who made large preliminary expenditures to that end. In due time these subsequent purchasers proceeded, through leases and sales, to put emigrants upon these lands and otherwise to enter upon the actual possession of their purchase. It then transpired that a portion of their grant was in the occupancy of sundry Indian tribes by authority of a certain treaty with the United 2 KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATION. Htates entered into and ratified s~~;bsequent to the aforesaid grant to the State of Oregon. At the urgent request of the United States Indian agent, the company refrained; from taking possession of that part of their property, it being represented to them that such proceedfng would be followed by an Indian war, and that steps would soon be taken either to remove the Indians or to indemnify the owners of the land. This will appear from the letters of No-vember G, 1874, from N. Luning, chairman of executive committee of owners, to L. S. Dyar, Indian agent at Kla-math Reservation; from B. J. Pengra, agent of owners to the Commis-sioner of Indian Affairs, under date of December 28, 1874, and from the correspondence between the Indian agent and the Commissioner of In-dian Affairs, to be found among the exhibits accompanying this report. The history of the Indian occupancy is as follows: On the 14th of October, 18G4-over three months subsequent to the gTant of July 2, 18G4, to the State-a treaty was negotiated between the United States and the Klamath and Modoc tribes, and the Yahooskin banany). \Ve quote tlle relevant facts of the decision: The act of .J a unary 1st, 1862, passed to i,he company a present interest in the lands to 1Je designated within the limits there specified. Its language is, "that t,here be and is hereby granted" to it the odd sections mentioned-words which import a grant ·in prcesenti, and not one in futuro, or the promise of a grant. Similar terms in other acts of . Congress granting lands have uniformly received tl1is interpretation, nnlessaccompaniecl with clauses restraining their operation. They were so interpreted in Schulenberg t'8. Harrimnn, after full consideration of1wevious adjudications on their import; and the ruling there was followed in Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroacl Com-pany vs. United States, 92 U. S., 733. It is true that the route of the road, in this case as in those cases, to aid in the construction of which the act was passed, was to be afterwards designated; and until designated, the title could not attach to any l'pecific tracts. The grant was of sections to be afterwards located, and their loca-tion depended upon the route to be established. When that was settled, the location l>ecame certain, and tho title that was previously imperfect acquired precision and attached to the lands. KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATION. 5 It is always to be horne in mind, in construing a Congressiona,l grant, that the ~ct hy which it is made is a law as well as a conveyance, and that such effect must be given to it as will carry ont the intent of Congress. That intent should not be de-feated by applying to the grant the rules of the common law, which are properly applicable only to transfers between private parties. To the validity of such trans-fers it ma,y be admitted that there must exist a present power of identification of the lanrl; and that where no such power exists, instruments, with words of present grant, are operative, if at all, only as contracts to convey. Bnt the rules of the common law must yield in this, as in all other cases, to the legislative will. As to the intent. of Congress in the grant to the plaintiff there ean be no reasonable doubt. It, was to aid in the construction of the road by a gift of lands along its ronte, without reservation of rights, exeept such as were specifically m entioned, the location of the ronte being left, within certain general limits, to the action of the plaintiff. vVhen the location was made, and the . sections gra.uted ascertained, the title of the plaintiff took effect by relation as of the date of the act, except as to thtl reservations mentioned, the act having the same operation upon the sections as if they had been specifically described in it. It is true the act of 1864 enlarged the grant of 1862, but this was clone, not hy words of a new and an a.dclitional grant, but by a change of words in the original act, substituting for those there used, words of larger import. This mode was evidentl~r adopted that the grant might be treated as if thnli made originally; and, therefore, as against the Unitecl States, the ti~le of the plaint-iff to the enlarged quantity, with the exceptions stated, must be considered as taking effe-ct equally with the title to the less quantity as of the date of the first act. (U. S. t·s . .Burlington aml Mo. R. Co., 4 Dillon, 305.) The construction thus given to the grant in this case is; of course, applicable to all similar Congressional grants, ::mel there is a vast number of them; and it will tend, we think, to prevent controversies between the grantees and those claiming under them, respecting the title to the lauds covered by t.heir several grants, and put an end to struggles to encroach upon the rights of others by securing au earlier location. Our judgment is that the title of t.he plaintiff, attaching to the buds in controversy by a location of the route of the road, being followed by a construction of the road, took effect by r ela.tion as of the (late of the act of 1862, so as to cut off all intervening claimants except in the cases where reservations were specially made in that act, and. the amendatory act of 1R64. I But even if it should be held that there are technical defects in the legal title of the present owners, they have, in the opinion of your com-mittee, such equitable rights as entitle them to consideration. It was undoubtedly the intention of Congress, by the act of July 2, 1864, to grant, for the purpose of aiding in the construction of this road, the alternate sections, for three sections in width on each side thereof, throughout its entire length; in other words, three sections of land for each mile of road. With this understanding the Wagon Road Company undertook the work, and seasonably and properly constructed the road. It cannot be denied tbat, as so constructed, it is and has been of great benefit, not only to the State, but to the general government. It has opened up a large tract of country to settlement and cultivation; it furnishes a prin-cipal means of communication between Eastern and Western Oregon and the mining settlements of Southwestern Idaho. Enjoying its use free from tolls, the government. is, by its means, enabled to supply itt:l several military posts along its line. Both the State and the general gov-ernments are now in the full enjoyment of all the benefits that could eyer be expected to flow from the building of the road, and for which the entire grant of lands was deemed but a just equivalent. Had it been understood at the time the grant was made and accepted that it was to be curtailed by the amount now falling in this reservation, the road could not have been built; for we are ad vised that the cost of its construction was largely in excess of any amount that can reasonably be expected to be realized from the balance of the grant. There is a passage iu the opinion of Chief-Justice Marshall~ rendered in tile case of Huidekoper's lessee vs. Douglass (3 Cranch, p. 1), which ~eems to your committee quite apposite. U was a question concerning 6 KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATION. the construction of a grant of land made by the State of Pennsylvania; and it was said: This is a contract; and, although a State is a party, it ought to be construed ac-cording to those well-established principles which regulate contracts generally. The State is in the situation of a person who holds forth to the world the condition~ on which he is willing to sell his property. If he should couch his proposition in such ambiguous terms that they might be nn· derstood differently, in consequence of which sales were to he made anws in regarcl to this resen·ation, whether, in view of t,he acquisition of lauds by tlw ro~t difficulty within the limits of the reservation; otherwise there will be serious tronhle. If this can be accomplished, and the Indians paciflt>cl, it will be, in my jndgment, very mneh the cheapest way out of thc> difficulty. Shonltl the 'vhites he allowed to Rl'ttle along the south side of Sprague's Ri vcr, the Indians there wonld ha. ve to be re-moved to the western portion of the reservation, which is impracticable. Should my views change on my return to the rcsernttiou I will write yon agitin. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, lion. E. P. s~mTIJ, L. S. DYAR, r.,-nited States hdiau ..dgent. Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington, D. C. 5. KLAl\IATJI AGENCY OREGON, October 16, 1873. Sm: IIaYing returue(~ to ~he reservation and tl~ought farther relative to the snbjed-m:ttter of your commumcahon of September 17, lll reo·anl to the Janus of the OreO'Oll Central Military Road Company, located on this res~Tation, I deem it prOJ)er to ~xpress more fully my views. By the treaty of October 14, 1864, the Government of the United States plcugcd KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATION. 11 itself in the most solenm way to secure this land to tho Indians and their heir:;; form·c•r. This was thoroughly explained to them, and has been repea,tedly since, and their goocl feeling towards the government and its white citizens to-day rests in the conviction that this pledge will be conscientiously fnltillell. S:ty to them, the government has fleedell this land to the road company, and tlwy w·ill reply, "The government made a solemn treaty with us, giving us a title to all this land, only reserving the right of way for roads, nothing being said about the loca-tion of lamb, and we cannot uuledge there is no certainty that it '"ill fulfill any." I do not thus express myself without having as fully considered the suhjPet as I am capable of doing. I have :tlso counseled with persons of sagacity and reliability, " ·ho arc fully conversant with tho feelings of the Klama.th, Modoc, and Snake bm1<1R loc·:tte most unfortuna.tc affa.ir. During the Modoc war there were always hresponsible parties ready to talk to these Indians and make them distrustful of both the 1·eservation authOTities and their government. Among other things the~- were told that as soon as the Modocs ·were subdued and taken fi·om tho country, the goYernment would steal a. way the reserv~Ltionlands and takethem away. Although the Indians knew these parties were not muc.h entitlefl to credit, th<'re was at one time a great deal of excitement, and tlwy conlllowing-descrihecl tract, within the country ceded by the treaty, shall, until otherwise directed by the President of the United States, be set apart as a residence for said Indians, and held and regardNl as an Indian Hel'lervntioll, to wit: Beginning npon the eastern shore of the .Milldle Klamath Lake, at the Poiut of Rocks, abont twelve miles below the month of \Villiamson's Hiver; thence follow-ing up said <·astern shore to the mouth of \Vood Hiver; thence np \Vood HiYer to a point oue mile north of the brid~e at Fort Klamath; thence due east to tl1e summit of tho ridge which divicles the Upper and Uiddle Khtm:-.th Lakes; thence aloug saitl ridge to a point due east of the north end of the upper lake; thence due east, passing the said uort.h end of the npJwr lake, to the summit of the mountains on the east side of the lake; therwc along said mountain to the point ·where Sprague's River is inter-APctepecting tho action of this office touching the lands in what is known as the Klamath Indian Resen•Mion in Oregon, embracecl in the limits of the grant of July 2, 1884, for the Oregon Central Military ·wagon Roav uesire to gPt possession of the lands, in order that we may uispose of them to actual settlers. Very respectfull,y, Hon. L. S. DYAR, N. LUNING, Cha·irman E.recutiue Cmnmittec of Owners. R. P. PARKS, Secretm·y. Indian Agent, Klamath Rcsenalion, Jackso·n, 01·egmt, 10. OlrFICE KLAl\IATII AGEXCY, 0Tegon, Norembe'r 18, 1874. Ha:.: Inc·loscd is a communication from N. Luniup:, esq., relative to the settlement of landH within the Klamath Re::;ern1tion, elaimecl lJy tho Oregon Central Military H.oad Company. In a letter dated October 16, U:l7:-3, I g:we you my opinion in the matter quite fully, anfl I have no reason to change that opinion. H.v solemn treaty the United States Government gave all the lands within the limits of the reservation to the Indians, aml mnst malic that promise good or clHo commit a positive breach of faith, which, I fully believe, will cost many times more tl1an the price of tlJe l:tnds in question. . These lands embrace the valley of Sprague River, wl1ich is the only safe winter pns-ture on the reservation, and the only reliance of the Indians in case of a hard wh1tor. Oon. '\Villiam Vandever, United States Indian inspector, understands the situation quite well, and I would respectfully refer you to him. 'l'ltis matter demands prompt attention, and especially so as the Oregon Branch of the Central Pacific Hailroad is located very nearly on the exact line of the wagon-road, and will, doubtless, be lJnilt at an early day. Very respectfully, your obetlieut servant, Hou. E. P. s~uTH, Commissioner of Indian Affail's. 11. L. S. DYAR, Un-ited States Ind·ian Agent. ''rASIIIXGTOX CITY, D. C., December 28, 18i4. :'\JR : By m1 act of CongreRR approved July 2, 1864, there was granted to the State of Omgon, to aid in the construction of a wagon-road from Euge1w City, hy way of the middle fork of the Willarnette River, and the most feasiiJle pass in the Cascade Monn-tain A Hear Diamond Peak, to the eastern boundary of the State, alternate sections of pnblic lands, designated lJy odd-numbered sections, for three sectinns in width on each side of :;ai(l road. Said lands ·were lJy the legislative assembly of the State of Oregon, in Scvtember following, granted to the Oregon Military Road Company, aml have, Ro far ar-; the public sm·yeys have extended, heen located and approved to said company hy the State and by the United Sbtt.cs. Said lands conyeyed and belonging to said wagon-road company by virtne of said acts have recentl~r been conveyed by said com-pan:v to B. J. Pengm, of Oregon, nnd by B. .J. Penp:ra to Nicholas Lu·ni.Jtg, Edgar Mills, N.D. Rideout, W. H. Parks, G. W. Colby, W. C. Belcher, John Boggs, and others, of the Btate of California. KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATION. 15 Since making saitl grant, the Government of the United States, by Hs authorized agents, have located ·what is knovm. as · the Klamath Indian Reservation, by treaty approved February 17, 1870, which reservation includes "·ithin its limits a portion of the lands helonging to saitl ,grant, and is occupied by the Klamath and Modoc tribes atHl Yahoosldn band of Snake In1lians. Acting as the anthorizC'd agent of the above-named parties in California, to wltom Raitl entire grant now belongs, myself and G. \V. Colby, one of the parties in interest, went npon said compauy's lands within the limits of the reservation, in August last, for the purpose of leasing the same to the parties applying therefor. Upon our arri ,·al at the office of L. S. Dyar, the local Indian agent, we were informed by him that the Indians on the reserYation had never been int(>rmed as to our title to that portion of the grant included in the reserve; t-hat a knowledge of said ownership had been care-fully kept from thPm for fear of difficulty and rPnewed war by them; that the subject was "undergoing inve~;tigation between himRelf anYili enable them to make snch locations. To the end that this matter be now attended to, I have respectfully to ref] nest that the al!Ove propos1tion be prcse11ted, with your special recommendation, to Congress. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, Hon. E. P. SMITH, Commissioner of Indian Affairs . 12. B. .J. PENGRA, Agent Parties in lntei'C8t. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTEIUOR, OI<'.FICE OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, Febntary tl, 1875. Am: In reply to tl1e inquiry contained in your letter of the 6th instant, relative to SPnate bill1164, entitled "A hill to adjust the claim of the owners of land wit-hin tho ]imitR of the Klamath Ilulian Rer.;crvation in the State of Oregon," what, if any, action may have been had by me or under my sanction relatiVe to the subject-matter of the l>ill, and requesting an expression of office views respecting the same, I would respect-fnJly state that tlJC hill refPrrell to has not been submitted for the views of this office. A report was made to tlw honorable Secretary of the Interior on the 7th ultimo (copy herewith), which coutainecl the views of this office on the subject~mattcr of tho hill. I would furtl!er state that it is ueemecl very important aucl desirable that tho Klamath Indian Reservation in Oregon ~;honlcl remain intact, as contemplated by the tr1·aty of October 14, 1864 (StntutPs at Large, vol. 16, p. 707), aml that such action be taken as will best enable tho accomplishment of this end. Very respectfully, your obcllient servant, l1011. CO)fMISSIONER GmmnAL LAND OFFICE. E. P. Sl\IITH, Commiss-ioner. 16 KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATION. 13. \YASIIINGTON, D. C., Februa·ry 18, 18i5. Sm.: It has come to our knowledge that circumRt:mces connected with the location (i)f the Klamath India,n Reservation upon a part of the p:ra.nt of lands to the State of Oregon, of .Jnly 2, 11::!64, and the continneu ocenpation thereof works so great a hard-ship on the present owners that some action will lteccssnrily have to be had at once to a.voicl a most certain serious Indian difficulty again iu that couutry. Umlerstanding that two propositions have been made to your department by the owners of .the lands, looking to an adjustment of ownership and occupation, and be-lieving that a moneyed appropria.tion wonlll be difficult to obtn,in, andshonld be avoided, as contemplated in one proposition, aml understanding that the [Mljnstment contem-Jllated iu form of a "floating grant" of scrip is thought to be objectionable by your office, we ask whether you would concur in the issue of a class of scrip to be locate(l on any surveyed aud unappropriated public lands f If so, will you plen,se recommend the same upon the immediate attention aml action of Congress, as the case seems to require? Respectfully, &c., J. H. MITCHELL, United States Senator. J. K. KELLY, United States Senator . .JAS. H. NESMITH. J. K. LUTTRELL. The Hon. SECHET.\.RY 01? TllE INTEIUOR. 14. STATl!: OF OHEGO:N, EXECUTIVE OFFICE, Salem, October 22, 1875. Sm: By act of Congress approved July 2, 1864, certain public lands were granted to the State of Oregon "to aid in the construction of a military road from Eugene City to the ea.stern boundary of said State." By an act of the legislative assembly of the State of Oregon, approved October 24, 1864, this grant was conferred by the State upon the Oregon Central Military Road Company. The road contemplated hy said act of Congress has been completed, and, by my predeccHsor, was examined and certi-1ied as constructed and completC<.l throughout its entire length, according to the terms of the grant·; on .January 12, 1870. The treaty with the Klamath Indians, of 1864, was ratified February 17, 11::!70. (Statutes, 16, p. 707.) The line of thewagon-roadpasses through Klarmtth Lttke Basin, and the Klamath Indian Reservation, as established snb-seqneut to the listing of the wagon~roacllancls to the State for the nse of said wagon-rottd company, embraces 130,377 acres of said lands belonging to the wagon-road com-pany. 'rhe Klamath Indian Reservation was finally confirmed as such without noti:(ying the Indians for whose use it was set apa,rt that any portion of it was at that time the property of said wagon-road company. The entire wagon-road grant has been trans-ferred by sale to a. number of prom incnt capitalistH, chiefly of the State of California, as I understand, without notice that the Klamath Indians claimed to hold the lands of the grant listed to the State within said reservation as belonging to them by virtue of the t.reaty. The wagon-road company and their successors in interest htwe paid ta.xes upon sn.id reservation lands from the time when they were segregated to said company. The present owners now desire to dispose of these lands to settlers ; and persons are ready to become purchasers. But the Klamath Indians lately discovering that said company claimed these lands by virtue of the grant mentioned, resist the claim and threaten to resist the occupancy of any portion of their reservation by settlers. I am informed that the owners of this grant are willing to take a money indemnity or lieu lauds on any just basis for the surrender of all of these lands falling within said l'e$ervation. I desire to make special presentation of this fact, that the Klamath Indians occupy the same region of country which was the home of Captain Jack and his band of less thau a hundretl warriors, whose hostility cost the genera.! government and this State so many lives and so much money, and to urge upon the attention of your de-partment the vit.al importance of early action on the part of the general govern-ment in adjusting this matter. From my experience of nearly twenty-five years npon the Paeific borders, I do not hesitate to say that if this question of title to lands within the Klamath ReserTation remains for any considerable period unadjusted, the KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATIO.Y. 17 most serions Indian hostilities will occur, disastrous to the settlements in Southern Oregon and Northern California, as well as expense to the general government in an amount far exceedi11g any cost of present settlement of the matter. Could the 1:eservation be vacated and the Klaruath Indians be removed to oth<>r lands I presume it would be the moflt satisfactory solution of the question, as far as the owners of tlwse lands are conc<>l'IW(l; but if this cannot ue clone, it would appear but common justice and fair dealing that other lands of equal value be given in release of these, or that a fair money compensation he made for the same. I have the honor to be, sir, v('ry respectfully, your obedient servant, Tlu~ RECHETARY OF nm IxTiwron. Washi1lgton, D. C. 15. L. F. GLOVER, Goranor of Oregon. STATE OU' CALil~ORXIA, EXECCTI\'E DEPAH'DlEXT, _ Saorarnento, Cal., January 28, 187G. Sm: I am informed that by an act of Congress, approved July 2, 1864, certain lands were granted to the :::\tate of Oregon to aid in the constrnction of a milit,ary road from Eugene City to th<> eastern boundary of the State, and that by an act of the legislature of Oregon, approved October 24, 1864, this grant was conferred on the ''Oregon Central :Military Roafl Company." I am further informed that the proposecl military road was completed according to the terms of the act of Congress making a grant of land in aid of the construction thereof~ and the lands gmntefl were lister-stand that citizens have a title to a portion of the land em braced in their reservntion, and which they ha,ve heretofore regarded as exclusively their own, by a title rest-ing on the good faith of the government, it is not probable that they will contem1)late the sitmttion with complacency. On the contrary, it is to be feared that the discovery of such fact by them would be the signal for them to commence hostilities. And'" hile it cannot he doubted what the ultimate result of snch action on their part would be, the loss of life and property consequent on the outbreak of the Modoc, in the same sec-tion, is too recent to allow us to regard lightly the prospect of another occurrence of the same kind. The rights, therefore, of the citizens owning these lands, the good faith of the gov-ernment pledged to the Indians in Rolemn treaty, and the safety and welfare of the settlers in the vicinity of the reservation, all conspire to demand that the government shall take prompt steps either to put the citizens in possession of the land which they hold by title from the government, or to extinguish their title to the lands by giving them an equitable consideration therefor. To place them in possession of their lauds would involve the breaking up of the reservation and the removal of the Indians to some other locality; that this ought to ue clone, I am not prepared to say. But if it is thought best to retain the reserYation where it is-and the question of its removal deselTCH very serious consideration before its fletermination in the affirmative-! cer-t~tinly think the citizens in question are entitled. to relief in the other manner sug-gested. S. Rep. 731--2 18 KLAMATH INDIAN RESERVATION. Trusting that this matter will receive your early attention, I haYe the honor to be, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, lion. Z. CIIA"NDLER, Secretary of the Interior, Wasltington, D. C. 16. 'VILLIAM IRWIN, Gov&mor of State of California. SALEM, Decemba 4, 1878. Sm: . I desire to call yom attention to the unsettled condition 'of a matter of much importance, involving the ast:~erted claims of reservation Indians at the Klamath Agency, in Oregon, to lands embraced within the limits of that reservation which were listed to this State, for the legal purpose of vesting the title to them in the Ore-gon Central Military Road Company, for constructing and com.pleting a military road under the act of Congress approved July 2, 1864, from "Eugene City to the eastern houndary of the State." This road was completed and the Oregon Central Military Road Company accepted the grant of land for constructing the same. In October, A. D. 1864, the legislative ast:~embly of this State conferred the grant mentioned in the act of Congress aforesaid upon the Oregon Central Military Hoad Company. The claims of these reservation Imlians are based on a treaty which was ratified after the la.nds in qne~->tion had passed to the Oregon Central Military Road Company. During the fall of 1877, I made it a part of my official duty to visit Southeastern Oregon and the agency at Klamath. At this time I learned very mnch of the temper of the Indians there in reference to their understanding of the treaty with the general government touching the extent or limit of the reservation. An Indian does not under-stand a mistake when made against him by whites. lie iH decided, and to him the mistake is a "lie," to use his own words; and >vhen in thi~; temper there is danger. In this condition of these Indians I learned of promit:~ed trouble over this treaty. The :Lgcnt feU mnch concern over the futnre of this mit:~take, and informed me he should call the attention of the proper authorities to the Indians' view of the case. I was told that these InLliaus were determined to resist, at all hazards, every encroachment made UllOll the lands by the whites, which under the treaty the Indi:ms were to hold in rptiet posse::;sion. There is great reason to fear another Indian outbreak in Eastern Oregon in 1879. The efforts of two years past to conquer a peace have failed. One circumstance fol-lows another to

Additional land district in Oregon

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Additional land district in Oregon

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