Hypercalcemia and Its effects on the cardiovascular diseases: a retrospective analysis

Recent increase in health awareness has led to substantial increase in dietary Calcium intake and supplements. Americans spend more than $1 billion a year on calcium supplements in hopes of staying off Osteoporosis”. Osteoporosis has been common in elderly women and men. There is the increase need to find if increase intake of calcium is doing more harm than good. The study objective is to determine the incidence of Hypercalcemia and its relation to calcium rich diet based on gender, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. All patients with serum calcium ≥14 mg/dl (≥3.5 mmol/l) are considered Hypercalcemia patients. Pathological role of calcium in calcification of the arteries increase the emphasis to find if it accentuates the process with its increase in availability. In this research, we plan to do a Retrospective analysis of Hypercalcemic patients and its association with cardiovascular diseases like Hypertension, Myocardial Infarction, Coronary Artery Occlusion, Coronary artery atherosclerosis and Stroke and overall mortality. NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE 2006 -2102 data and NHANES 2006- 2010 data used for analysis. SAS (version 9.4, SAS Institute) has been used to calculate utilization and mean of calcium intake from both diet and supplements. Tabulating it independently based on gender, race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Descriptive analysis and Linear regression used to determine an association of Hypercalcemia and Cardiovascular diseases, and if any increase in mortality during the Years. Non-Hispanic white used more supplemental calcium in comparison to Hispanic and African American population.28% of men and 38% of women used throughout the recent study. Study of regression analysis has to be carried out for Association of hypercalcemia and CVD. Results showed no significant association between the two and found an association with Diabetes Mellitus. The study emphasized areas that can be directed for designing health intervention plans that will be targeted to particular subgroups of the American populationPh.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Riaz Basha Shai