Scaling-up leaf monoterpene emissions from a water limited <em>Quercus ilex</em> woodland.

Mediterranean ecosystems are large emitters of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC), and recent studies illustrate how water stress can decrease these emissions even during hot summer. We present here a spatially explicit modelling experiment of BVOC emissions in a water-limited Mediterranean Region in Southern France dominated by Quercus ilex forests. Emission rates were estimated daily using a leaf-level emission model with appropriate up-scaling procedures. The model was based on Guenther&#39;s empirical equations, where we inserted effects for water limitation and seasonality observed from field measurements. Up-scaling from leaves to canopy was performed using Sellers&#39; theory. For each grid cell, climate variables were interpolated daily from meteorological stations. Incoming solar radiation was measured at one site and extrapolated for the all region based on slope and aspect. Soil properties were derived from pedological maps as well as a digital elevation model, while soil water content was evaluated daily using a bucket-type model. We estimated monoterpene emissions from Q ilex woodlands to be 16 kt yr(-1) (on average), with most emissions occurring in the summer. When including the water-limitation module, yearly emissions were 50% of the initial estimates, with a significant decrease in the number of days with BVOC high emission peaks. This result highlights the importance of water control on determining air pollution peaks in Mediterranean areas and the need for scaling procedure in this area with its large range of strong emitter species