Brownfield and Greenfield land in Dunedin: From Inner City Industry to Life on the Plain

This research investigates the current status of ‘brownfield’ and ‘greenfield’ land in Dunedin City, namely where such land is located; the nature of land uses; and indicative patterns of historical and present development (Dunedin City Council, 2009a). Preliminary research suggested that ‘greenfield’ development was increasing, while ‘brownfield’ land was increasing and remained underutilized (Christofferson, 2006). Given the very different effects of development on the physical, as well as social and economic environment (Alberini et al., 2005; De Sousa, 2004), it is imperative to assess the rationale for utilization of ‘brownfield’ land over ‘greenfield’ land. This investigation is placed within the broader debates of ‘sustainable development’ and what that actually does, or should, entail (Thomas & Cousins, 1996). Perspectives have been gathered, with the objective to understand the often complex and intertwined nature of the land use needs and issues pertaining to various interest groups. This exploration of whether the land uses observed align with theories on best planning practice, finds various environmental, economic and social implications are likely should development continue along the current path (Scoffham & Vale, 1996). While the likelihood of development in any particular location is influenced by trends, barriers, and drivers, and can be unpredictable, looking closely at contextual factors will inform how appropriate development may be facilitated (Dunedin City Council, 2010a). The two case study areas applied in the methodological approach, illustrates how context specific elements must be considered. These included historical occupation and changing land uses (Dunedin City Council, 2009a); zoning designations and mixed-use applications (Howland, 2011); residential demand and growth (Dunedin City Council, 2011b); and intensification and infill development (Hayden, 2003), shaping brownfield and greenfield land generation, use and development in some way. Lastly, a review of what key planning and other guidance documents for Dunedin City development are seeking to achieve, reveals some disparity between the planning objectives outlined and their practical application. To conclude, recommendations for approaching the brownfield land agenda are presented, to encourage further discussion and provide a practical starting point for relevant practitioners or stakeholders