Protecting United States Interests in Antarctica

Part I of this article presents an overview of the physical features and resources of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Next, the article explains the history of the diverse claims and interests in Antarctic territory, with particular emphasis on the United States\u27 activities. Aspects of the Antarctic Treaty regime are then explored, especially management of living resources and potential exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon and mineral resources. The article points out past weaknesses in United States\u27 Antarctic policymaking. Recommendations include a broader role for the Department of Defense in areas such as safety and security, and resolution among Antarctic Treaty parties of jurisdiction over criminal offenses committed in Antarctica. The model suggested is transposed from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization\u27s Status of Forces Agreement. Finally, the article examines the recent influence of the United Nations over Antarctic affairs, and proposes increased cooperation between the governing Antarctic Treaty consultative parties and the United Nations to avoid confrontation over the impending minerals regime