The mechanical study of hydrogels and an organogel as potential synthetic brain phantom

The brain is an intricate organ, composed of white matter, gray matter, blood vessels, nerves, and dura matter. The study and surgical intervention of the brain is limited by the availability of cadavers for research and experience in the operating room. This work proposes the use of a 3D phantom brain tissue to create a realistic model of the brain with accurate mechanical properties of the brain. In particular, this study assess the mechanical properties of synthetic materials and porcine brain and tests properties of stress, strain, relaxation, and adhesion. Gelatin-based hydrogels and oil-based emulsions served as the two candidates for a brain substitute material. Results demonstrate that 1.7% Chromium 3.5% Gelatin was more similar to porcine brain in compression properties as shown by compression stress strain analysis and the other properties. This study has found a viable material substitute for the fabrication of a 3D brain phantom that aims to improve the learning experience of medical students and the preoperative planning of surgeons