Iraq after Mosul's fall by daesh, a strong state or disintegration

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2016Iraq is an inheritor of the civilizations of Mesopotamia (Tigris and Euphrates); the region extends in history for thousands of years BC. It witnessed the invention of writing; the Iraqis wrote the first legal laws (obelisk of Hammurabi) in the world. As well, the Muslim Arabs built Baghdad city, which is the capital of the largest empire ever known. The Arabs Muslims ruled for centuries, with their states stretching from China to the Atlantic Ocean. Contemporary Iraq lived a dark and painful era, but this does not reflect its immortal image in history. It has witnessed devastating wars, variable systems from a monarchy to the Republic, which mostly ruled the country by force and dictatorship. Because of this, the people suffered from poverty even they live in a region very valuables natural resources. In 2003, Iraq saw a significant shift, when US forces entered and fell the Baath Party regime. With the regime change, Iraqis aspired to live real experiences of freedom and democracy that they had not seen before. This shift, accompanied by the mistakes and problems, wrecked the country as a whole and prevented it from becoming a unified state. There was controversy about foreign intervention, the legitimacy of the new political system, the form of the State, the rights and representation of the Iraqi components, and more. In 2014, the Iraqi city of Mosul fell into the hands of Daesh, and it was followed by important Iraqi cities within a short time. Very quickly, the occupied territories amounted to an area equivalent to one-third of Iraq. The fall of Mosul was the result of accumulated mistakes. It is important to understand the real causes of the fall, and what deadly mistakes made by political leaders in the current political process. They misunderstood their people, problems and the appropriate ways to solve them. Mosul represents an important study subject on how terrorism can successfully control a very large city by exploiting the wrong political and social conditions. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of a historical review of the stages of contemporary Iraq. Iraq suffered from lethal wars and terrorism, and that a deeper analysis needs to understand the main causes and real problems. What are the appropriate ways and proper solutions that will produce a stable state? The terror suffered by the world today does not come from a vacuum; Wrong political practices did not reinforce the foundations of freedom and democracy. As well, the corruption that sapped the Iraqi state from the inside. Mosul is not just a city that fell, but it is also a great title for the failed phase where the political elite, who founded the current Iraqi state in 2003, failed to unite the people and to develop constitutional and legal solutions that would ensure full rights for all citizens. On the other hand, even though the political elite failed, that does not mean that the current political system failed. The current political conditions are better than all previous political systems that ruled in the early stages of Iraq’s modern history. Thus, the preservation of the current system should be a top priority, but it should strengthen the procedures and reconciliations of the real problems that caused the great collapse. The problem of global terrorism makes it a good material to research, as it leads to understanding the causes of growth and prosperity and the effective ways to fight it. The facts and events that happened in Iraq are a clear example, so this study based on a historical and analytic descriptive approach. This study will examine the causes of the problems that have plagued Iraq in general, and examine the reasons that led to the collapse of the city of Mosul and the subsequent regions. The results of this study indicate that the current reform of the political process is still in reach of the Iraqis. The political leaders need to adjust to the real problems and determine to open a new page of constructive dialogue. A unified Iraq is the best solution for all the Iraqi people while disintegration means a loss for everyone. In addition, disintegration will reflect negatively, on the whole, region. The events that happened to Iraq after the fall of Mosul might allow Iraqi decision-maker to open a door wide to turn around the failures and problems that produced this catastrophic situation.I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION II: IRAQ BEFORE 2003 III: IRAQ AFTER 2003 IV: THE FALL OF MOSUL V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONmasterpublishedSaad Saleh RAHMAN