According to Herodotus (8.27-28), the Thessalians and their allies with all their military power had undertaken an incursion into the Phocians’ area. During this conflict the Phocians had been locked up on Parnassus, and Tellias, a seer of Elis, suggested to them that 600 of the bravest Phocians should colour themselves and their armour with chalk and surprise the Thessalians at night-time. The Thessalians were frightened and lost. In scholarship the ruse of the chalk has often been put into a context of the Orphic-Dionysian complex of myths and rituals (Müller) and/or it has been considered as a repres...