Earthquake-Resistant Squat Walls Reinforced with High- Strength Steel

Results are reported from reversed cyclic tests of five large-scale squat wall specimens reinforced with steel bars having a specified yield strength of either 60 or 115 ksi (413 or 792 MPa). Two specimens were designed for a shear stress of 5√fc′ psi (0.42√fc′ MPa) and the other three 9√fc′ psi (0.75√fc′ MPa). Boundary element confining reinforcement complied with the requirements of Chapter 18 of ACI 318-14 in all but one specimen, which had 50% of the required transverse boundary element reinforcement. Specimens constructed with Grade 115 steel had similar strength and exhibited 20% greater drift capacity than those with Grade 60 steel. Use of Grade 115 steel tended to control the softening effect of sliding at the base of the wall and to increase the component of drift due to reinforcement strain penetration into the foundation