Due to their quality of triacylglycerol (TAG) content in the form of lipid droplets (LDs) accumulating upon abioticstresses, microalgae have emerged as models of interest for many biotechnological applications (nutrition, greenchemistry, biofuels, human health). These stresses, however, are responsible for a growth arrest and lowbiomass yield. A phenotypic screen of small molecules triggering TAG accumulation in Phaeodactylumhighlighted 34 compounds known to act on specific metabolic and signaling pathways. A detailed study of theeffects of 17α-ethynylestradiol is proposed. The identification of compounds interfering with cyclic nucleotides andoxylipins led us to re-evaluate the effects of nitric oxide (NO.) and to characterize the activity...