Vertically integrated laser radar imagers -- performance and analysis

Massachusetts Institute of Technology\u27s Lincoln Laboratory has developed laser radar systems using timing circuitry combined with Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APD) to produce reliable three-dimensional images. The Laboratory has recently been working with silicon-on-insulator technology to create a vertically integrated sensor array (VISA) that stacks an array of GM-APDs on top of two layers of timing circuitry. Through extensive laboratory testing and simulation of this device, the world\u27s first image from a vertically integrated array was produced