Quantum cryptography as an alternative to modern cryptography

Several big companies already developed working prototypes of quantum computers, however they are not powerful enough to perform complicated calculations and are very massive, just like the first models of conventional computers in the twentieth century. However, the process of improvement is progressing fast. The growth of quantum computers might take another five or ten years, maybe less, and those machines will be able to help scientists to solve difficult problems. On the other hand, they will endanger some popular cryptographic protocols. Cryptologists around the world are working on an encryption system that will allow people to stay confidential, even when very fast quantum computers will appear. This new type of encryption is differing from every known type of ciphering. It may give people absolute information security. In theory, this new method does not have any weaknesses. Unlike other encryption methods which are based on mathematical functions, the new encryption system is based on a Quantum Physics laws, the same laws which are the foundation of quantum computers. The name of this system is quantum cryptography. The main purpose of this work was to research different types of the conventional cryptographic algorithms and the quantum cryptographic algorithms, and a possible future of cryptography